However, the influence of temperature variation, which plays a key role, on the stress of gas storage was rarely considered., Jiang [24], Zhou [25,26] and Xia [27] used the Thermal-Mechanical coupling theory to study the mechanical characteristics of the
Abstract. Large-scale underground storage of hydrogen gas is expected to play a key role in the energy transition and in near future renewable energy systems. Despite this potential, experience in underground hydrogen storage remains limited. This work critically reviews the most important elements of this crucial technology, including …
Abstract. Subsurface gas storage in porous media is a viable option to mitigate shortages in energy supply in systems largely based on renewable sources. Fault systems adjacent to or intersecting with gas storage could potentially result in a leakage of stored gas. Variations in formation pressure during a storage operation can affect the gas leakage …
The gas stored in a storage facility comprises the working gas –injected into and withdrawn from the storage – and cushion gas, stored there for the duration of the facility''s life. The role of the cushion gas is to exercise the minimum pressure needed to prevent the inflow of water into the store space and to provide optimum conditions of …
where k is turbulent kinetic energy, m 2 /s 2; ε is the dissipation rate; G k is the generic term of rough kinetic energy k caused by average velocity gradient; Gb is the generic term of rough ...
Currently, existing energy storage technologies can be divided into the following categories based on the type of storage medium: (1) Mechanical energy storage technologies, including pumped hydro storage [14, 15], compressed air energy storage [16, 17], carbon dioxide and supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage [18, 19], flywheel …
Gas leakage from deep geologic storage formations to the Earth''s surface is one of the main hazards in geological carbon sequestration and storage. …
Variations in formation pressure during a storage operation can affect the gas leakage rates, requiring a site and scenario specific assessment. In this study, a geological model of an existing structure in the North German …
The object of this study is a high-pressure storage vessel of a nuclear reactor, with the pressure of the storage vessel being 34.5 MPa and the temperature being 300 K, ignoring the change of tritium gas mass fraction due …
Underground compressed air energy storage (CAES) in lined rock caverns (LRCs) provides a promising solution for storing energy on a large scale. One of the essential issues facing underground CAES implementation is the risk of air leakage from the storage caverns. Compressed air may leak through an initial defect in the inner …
1. Introduction Hydrogen is attracting global attention as a key future low-carbon energy carrier, for the decarbonisation of transport, power and heating, and of fuel-energy intensive industries, such as the chemical and steel industries. 1–5 The United Nations Industrial Development Organisation 6 has defined hydrogen as "a true paradigm shift in the area of …
The gas-tightness and stability of compressed air energy storage (CAES) cavern (usually with three-layered struction of sealing layer, concrete lining and surrounding rock) plays an important role for ensuring the power-generation efficiency of CAES system.
The underground gas storage is a well-known operation where 680 sites are under operation all around the world as of 2015 [ 61 ], while the experiences on UHS are scares. There are many criteria that are important in a gas storage operation such as geological, engineering, economic, legal, and social issues.
The dynamic flammable gas leakage consequences in hydrogen refueling stations were achieved. ... J Energy Storage, 61 (2023), Article 106758, 10.1016/j.est.2023.106758 View PDF View article View in Scopus Google Scholar [2] C.B. Xu, Y.N. Wu, S.Y. Dai ...
With the increasing popularity of battery technology, the safety problems caused by the thermal runaway of batteries have been paid more attention. Detecting the gases released from battery thermal runaway by gas sensors is one of the effective strategies to realize the early safety warning of batteries. The inducing factors of battery …
To investigate the gas tightness conditions of gas storage in bedded salt rock cavern, numerical simulation of gas seepage under different conditions for the …
applications, including energy storage mediums and fuel for power generation, industrial heat, low-carbon fuel feedstock, natural gas blending, and transportation fuel. In the interim, low-carbon hydrogen production, both green (based on low-carbon electricity
The proposed theoretical framework can be used to assist the fire risk evaluation of high-pressure gas storage systems in service and the new storage system design. In the future the effect of ambient wind, leakage exit shape and flame pulsation behavior should be incorporated into the theoretical framework.
canister decreases when helium gas leaks during storage (Takeda et al., 2008; Takeda, 2019; Takeda, 2020). Once the monitoring system is set up with the dry concrete casks, the system self-monitors and detects temperature changes due to helium ...
Visakhapatnam gas leak Date 7 May 2020 () Time 3:00 a.m. IST(21:30 UTC+05:30)Location R. R. Venkatapuram, Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaCoordinates Cause Malfunction in the cooling system of styrene storage tanks (suspected)Deaths 13
The structure of this paper is as follows. Section 2 details NREL''s Leak Rate Quantification Apparatus (LRQA) including design parameters, system validation, and results from initial testing of failed hydrogen components. Section 3 presents the identified data needs for both QRA and PHM applications in liquid hydrogen systems.
Annual leakage rates of <0.1% are thought to make geological carbon storage an effective tool to reduce the impact of global warming (<1,000 years) 44,45, while annual leakage rates of <0.01%...
Control equations. (1) Mass conservation equation. The diffusion of natural gas in soil needs to take into account the influence of soil porosity. (1) ∂ ( ρ γ) ∂ t + ∇ ⋅ ( ρ v) = 0 where, γ is the soil porosity; ρ is the mixed gas density, kg/m 3; t is the time, s; v is the natural gas diffusion velocity, m/s.
Geological CO 2 storage is proposed in deep, porous, sedimentary formations, 1–2 km below the sea floor, such as depleted oil and gas reservoirs or saline aquifers 3,4.Storage integrity is ...
A lot of accidents about energy storage in salt rock caverns are reported in Reference [43], such as tubing damage, fire, gas leakage, and cavern instability. Besides, many cavern accidents of leakage are associated with the damage of …
analyze California''s Aliso Canyon natural gas leak and make recommendations on how to reduce the likelihood of future leaks from underground natural gas storage facilities …
Liang et al. 23 employed FLACS software and a computational fluid dynamics approach to simulate hydrogen storage system leakage and explosions in a renewable energy hydrogen production station.
energy storage to compensate for varying, and sometimes intermittent, production rates and ever-increasing demand. An attractive solution is to use surplus energy to produce hydrogen gas (H 2), which can then be used to produce energy on demand without 2H
In this paper, we theoretically and experimentally examine leakage of H 2, NG and H 2 /NG blends and provide experimental evidence that 100% H 2 gas blends leak at the same rate as H 2 /NG mixtures and 100% NG in typical existing low pressure NG infrastructure on the customer-side of the meter.
The leakage characteristics (e.g., the throttling of labyrinth seal and the leakage mass flow rate) in the shroud cavity, and the leakage loss at the exit of impeller. For these objectives, the experimental investigation has been conducted under variable expansion ratio and rotating speed conditions using contact sensors, including: the five …
Utilizing energy storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs can improve productivity while reducing power costs and is one of the best ways to achieve synergistic …
Figure 6a results assume a 20-year GWP timeframe, 1.5% natural gas leakage, and the inclusion of embodied emissions of energy feedstocks while Fig. 6b results assume a 100-year GWP timeframe, 1.5% ...
Multiple instances of gas storage cavern leaks, such as those at Hutchinson, Teutschenthal, Crute, Elk City, and Epe gas storages, have exhibited …
Gas leakage along the cement sheath interfaces (Fig. 1) leads to gas storage reduction and natural gas explosion (Bérest et al., 2019), posing a risk to human production and life. To date, numerous scholars have conducted studies on the conditions and types of failure of cement sheath integrity, and few studies have focused on the …